Epidemiology – Direct Standardization
Introduction: This assignment addresses competency 1: “Apply epidemiological methods to the breadth of settings and situations in public health practice”. It is one of several assignments that will be used to assess this competency (standardization, calculating measures, screening). You may submit the assignment as a .pdf, word document, or excel spreadsheet, or enter the answers in the textbook. Please make it legible, and easy to understand.
Assignment:
DIRECT STANDARDIZATION
Calculate and interpret crude and standardized mortality rates.
Table 1. Number of deaths of females and estimated mid-year population in Florida, 1997 by race
| non-White females | White females | |||
| (yrs) | no. deaths | est. mid-year pop. | no. deaths | est. mid-year pop. |
| <1 | 249 | 23,325 | 356 | 69,690 |
| 1-4 | 55 | 87,643 | 83 | 280,109 |
| 5-14 | 56 | 215,670 | 98 | 704,636 |
| 15-24 | 143 | 187,774 | 297 | 671,365 |
| 25-34 | 360 | 176,134 | 590 | 771,978 |
| 35-44 | 603 | 189,223 | 1,312 | 925,864 |
| 45-54 | 701 | 138,545 | 2,362 | 825,970 |
| 55-64 | 1,041 | 82,760 | 4,365 | 667,617 |
| 65-74 | 1,471 | 56,052 | 11,388 | 730,052 |
| 75-84 | 1,687 | 31,601 | 20,739 | 563,050 |
| 85+ | 1,495 | 11,405 | 24,543 | 189,213 |
(1) What is the crude death rate for non-white females and for whites females?
Crude death rate per 1,000 for non-white females: _______________
Crude death rate per 1,000 for white females: ________________
Table 2. Age-specific death rates per 1,000 population among females.
| non-White females | White females | |
| age-specific death rate | age-specific death rate | |
| Age group (yrs) | per 1000 population | per 1000 population |
| <1 | ||
| 1-4 | ||
| 5-14 | ||
| 15-24 | ||
| 25-34 | ||
| 35-44 | ||
| 45-54 | ||
| 55-64 | ||
| 65-74 | ||
| 75-84 | ||
| 85+ |
(2) What are the age-specific death rates per 1,000 population for each age group for non-white and white females?
Table 3. 1990 US Female Population by Age Group
| Age group (yrs) | 1990 |
| US population | |
| <1 | 1,928,000 |
| 1-4 | 7,231,000 |
| 5-14 | 17,124,000 |
| 15-24 | 18,098,000 |
| 25-34 | 21,596,000 |
| 35-44 | 18,925,000 |
| 45-54 | 12,824,000 |
| 55-64 | 11,158,000 |
| 65-74 | 10,139,000 |
| 75-84 | 6,267,000 |
| 85+ | 2,180,000 |
(3) Using direct standardization, what is the age-adjusted rate per 1,000 among non-white and white females using the 1990 US female population as the standard?
Age-adjusted death rate per 1,000 for non-white females: _______________
Age-adjusted death rate per 1,000 for white females: ________________
(4) Compare and interpret the crude and adjusted rates. Which rates – crude or adjusted- should be used for comparison? Why? Write a statement of the findings for a lay audience.
I’ve included all the information that was provided in the description. Along with completing the charts (sorry they are hard to read due to spacing) there are 4 questions to be answered as well. Please let me know if you need anything along the way.
Solution Preview
Crude Death Rate for Non-White Females and for Whites Females per 1000
Crude Death Rate is calculated by dividing the total number of residential deaths by the total population over the mid-year and cross multiplying the answer by one hundred thousand.
Formulae
(Total Residential Deaths ÷ Total Area Population) × 100,000
However in our calculations, we shall cross multiply our answer by one thousand as per the request.
crude death rate for non-white females.
Total residential deaths = 7258
Total mid-year population = 1,200,132
7258 ÷ 1,200,132 = 0.00604766808
0.00604766808 × 1000 = 6.04766808
As calculated above, the crude death rate for non-=white females is 6.047%
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